The structure of the speaker mainly includes the speaker, the crossover network, and the speaker cable.
The speaker is the core component of the speaker, usually composed of a diaphragm, a voice coil, a magnet, a suspension system, a mechanical bracket and other parts. The diaphragm is the core of the speaker. It can be made of paper, plastic, metal and other materials, and is responsible for converting electrical signals into sound vibrations. The voice coil is a coil wound around the diaphragm, usually made of copper or aluminum. When powered, it generates a current in the magnetic field, which in turn generates a magnetic field that interacts with the magnet, causing the diaphragm to vibrate. The magnet generates a stable magnetic field that interacts with the current of the voice coil, thereby driving the diaphragm to vibrate. The suspension system and mechanical bracket support the diaphragm and enable it to vibrate freely, providing the structural strength of the speaker. The crossover network, also known as the electronic crossover, is responsible for dividing the audio signal into different frequency ranges to optimize the performance of the sound. The crossover is complex in design, expensive, and has a direct impact on the sound quality. The speaker box, also known as the speaker shell, is a box that holds the speaker and other components. Its design can be closed, open, semi-closed, etc., which affects the sound characteristics. The material and structure of the cabinet (such as closed, bass reflex, labyrinth, etc.) directly affect the sound quality and performance of the speaker.
In addition, speakers can also be classified according to the accompanying sound mode (mono, stereo, etc.), product form (active speakers, passive speakers, etc.), purpose (bookshelf, floor-standing, etc.) and type of speaker cabinet. Closed sound boxes and bass reflex sound boxes are the two most popular types, which optimize the sound quality by isolating the sound waves behind the speaker and making full use of the sound waves behind the speaker respectively. The design of the speaker also involves filling the interior with sound-absorbing materials to reduce internal reflections and resonances and improve acoustic performance.